- Lighthouse
- Google's open-source automated tool for auditing web page quality across performance, SEO, accessibility, and best practices, available in Chrome DevTools and as a Node.js CLI.
- Core Web Vitals
- Google's set of three user-experience metrics — LCP, INP (formerly FID), and CLS — that affect search ranking since 2021.
- LCP (Largest Contentful Paint)
- The time from navigation start until the largest text or image element in the viewport is rendered. Good: ≤2.5s. Poor: >4.0s.
- FID (First Input Delay)
- The delay between a user's first interaction (tap, click, key) and the browser's response. Replaced by INP in 2024 but still in older reports. Good: ≤100ms.
- INP (Interaction to Next Paint)
- The 75th-percentile latency of all user interactions on the page during its lifetime. Replaces FID. Good: ≤200ms.
- CLS (Cumulative Layout Shift)
- A unitless score measuring how much visible content shifts unexpectedly during page load. Good: ≤0.1. Poor: >0.25.
- FCP (First Contentful Paint)
- The time from navigation start until the first text, image, or non-white pixel is painted. Good: ≤1.8s.
- TBT (Total Blocking Time)
- The total time the main thread was blocked (>50ms tasks) between FCP and TTI, in milliseconds. A lab proxy for INP.
- TTI (Time to Interactive)
- The point at which the page is fully interactive — main thread is idle for ≥5 seconds and most resources have loaded.
- Headless Chromium
- The Chrome rendering engine running without a UI — Lighthouse uses it to load the page, simulate device conditions, and collect metrics.
- PageSpeed Insights (PSI)
- Google's web service that runs Lighthouse against any public URL and returns scores plus field data from CrUX.
- CrUX (Chrome User Experience Report)
- A public dataset of real-user performance data from opted-in Chrome users, used by Google for Core Web Vitals ranking signals.