- Gregorian Calendar
- The solar calendar system used internationally today, introduced by Pope Gregory XIII in 1582. It defines a year as 365 days with a leap day added every four years, minus century years not divisible by 400.
- Leap Year
- A calendar year containing 366 days instead of 365, achieved by adding February 29. A year is a leap year if it is divisible by 4, except for century years which must be divisible by 400.
- Date of Birth (DOB)
- The calendar date on which a person was born, used as the baseline for age calculations, legal eligibility checks, and medical assessments.
- Chronological Age
- The amount of time that has elapsed since a person's birth, expressed in years, months, and days. It is the most common definition of age used in legal, medical, and administrative contexts.
- ISO 8601 Date
- An international date format standard expressed as YYYY-MM-DD (e.g., 2026-05-07). It is unambiguous across locales because the order is always year, then month, then day.
- Epoch Days
- A count of calendar days since a fixed reference point (commonly January 1, 1970 in computing). Age calculators often convert both dates to epoch-day counts and subtract to find the raw day difference.