- Bounding box
- The maximum width × height an output image is allowed to occupy. The resize logic scales the image to fit inside this box while preserving the aspect ratio.
- Streaming pipeline
- A processing model where each input is read, processed, and written one at a time, rather than loading the entire batch into memory at once. Keeps memory usage flat regardless of batch size.
- JSZip
- An open-source JavaScript library that builds ZIP archives entirely in the browser. UtilityKit loads it from a CDN only when bulk image tools are opened.
- Quality slider
- A 1–100 value that controls how much information lossy formats (JPG, WebP) discard during encoding. Lower values produce smaller files with more compression artifacts; 80–85 is the typical web sweet spot.
- Aspect ratio
- The width-to-height ratio of an image (e.g. 16:9 or 4:3). Preserving the aspect ratio during resize prevents subjects from looking stretched or squashed.
- Re-encoding
- Decoding an image to raw pixels and then re-encoding to a target format with chosen settings. Re-encoding always strips metadata such as EXIF and ICC color profiles.